Theorem wilthlem1 22532

Description: The only elements that are equal to their own inverses in the multiplicative group of nonzero elements in ZZ / P ZZ are 1 and -u 1 == P - 1. (Note that from prmdiveq 13972, ( N ^ ( P - 2 ) ) mod P is the modular inverse of N in ZZ / P ZZ. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 24-Jan-2015.)

Assertion

Ref	Expression
wilthlem1	|- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( N = ( ( N ^ ( P - 2 ) ) mod P ) <-> ( N = 1 \/ N = ( P - 1 ) ) ) )

Proof of Theorem wilthlem1

Step	Hyp	Ref	Expression
1		elfzelz 11563	. . . . . . . . . 10 |- ( N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) -> N e. ZZ )
2	1	adantl 466	. . . . . . . . 9 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> N e. ZZ )
3		peano2zm 10792	. . . . . . . . 9 |- ( N e. ZZ -> ( N - 1 ) e. ZZ )
4	2, 3	syl 16	. . . . . . . 8 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( N - 1 ) e. ZZ )
5	4	zcnd 10852	. . . . . . 7 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( N - 1 ) e. CC )
6	2	peano2zd 10854	. . . . . . . 8 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( N + 1 ) e. ZZ )
7	6	zcnd 10852	. . . . . . 7 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( N + 1 ) e. CC )
8	5, 7	mulcomd 9511	. . . . . 6 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( ( N - 1 ) x. ( N + 1 ) ) = ( ( N + 1 ) x. ( N - 1 ) ) )
9	2	zcnd 10852	. . . . . . 7 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> N e. CC )
10		ax-1cn 9444	. . . . . . 7 |- 1 e. CC
11		subsq 12083	. . . . . . 7 |- ( ( N e. CC /\ 1 e. CC ) -> ( ( N ^ 2 ) - ( 1 ^ 2 ) ) = ( ( N + 1 ) x. ( N - 1 ) ) )
12	9, 10, 11	sylancl 662	. . . . . 6 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( ( N ^ 2 ) - ( 1 ^ 2 ) ) = ( ( N + 1 ) x. ( N - 1 ) ) )
13	9	sqvald 12115	. . . . . . 7 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( N ^ 2 ) = ( N x. N ) )
14		sq1 12070	. . . . . . . 8 |- ( 1 ^ 2 ) = 1
15	14	a1i 11	. . . . . . 7 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( 1 ^ 2 ) = 1 )
16	13, 15	oveq12d 6211	. . . . . 6 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( ( N ^ 2 ) - ( 1 ^ 2 ) ) = ( ( N x. N ) - 1 ) )
17	8, 12, 16	3eqtr2d 2498	. . . . 5 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( ( N - 1 ) x. ( N + 1 ) ) = ( ( N x. N ) - 1 ) )
18	17	breq2d 4405	. . . 4 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( P || ( ( N - 1 ) x. ( N + 1 ) ) <-> P || ( ( N x. N ) - 1 ) ) )
19		1e0p1 10887	. . . . . . . 8 |- 1 = ( 0 + 1 )
20	19	oveq1i 6203	. . . . . . 7 |- ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) = ( ( 0 + 1 ) ... ( P - 1 ) )
21		0z 10761	. . . . . . . 8 |- 0 e. ZZ
22		fzp1ss 11616	. . . . . . . 8 |- ( 0 e. ZZ -> ( ( 0 + 1 ) ... ( P - 1 ) ) C_ ( 0 ... ( P - 1 ) ) )
23	21, 22	ax-mp 5	. . . . . . 7 |- ( ( 0 + 1 ) ... ( P - 1 ) ) C_ ( 0 ... ( P - 1 ) )
24	20, 23	eqsstri 3487	. . . . . 6 |- ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) C_ ( 0 ... ( P - 1 ) )
25		simpr 461	. . . . . 6 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) )
26	24, 25	sseldi 3455	. . . . 5 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> N e. ( 0 ... ( P - 1 ) ) )
27	26	biantrurd 508	. . . 4 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( P || ( ( N x. N ) - 1 ) <-> ( N e. ( 0 ... ( P - 1 ) ) /\ P || ( ( N x. N ) - 1 ) ) ) )
28	18, 27	bitrd 253	. . 3 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( P || ( ( N - 1 ) x. ( N + 1 ) ) <-> ( N e. ( 0 ... ( P - 1 ) ) /\ P || ( ( N x. N ) - 1 ) ) ) )
29		simpl 457	. . . 4 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> P e. Prime )
30		euclemma 13905	. . . 4 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ ( N - 1 ) e. ZZ /\ ( N + 1 ) e. ZZ ) -> ( P || ( ( N - 1 ) x. ( N + 1 ) ) <-> ( P || ( N - 1 ) \/ P || ( N + 1 ) ) ) )
31	29, 4, 6, 30	syl3anc 1219	. . 3 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( P || ( ( N - 1 ) x. ( N + 1 ) ) <-> ( P || ( N - 1 ) \/ P || ( N + 1 ) ) ) )
32		prmnn 13877	. . . . 5 |- ( P e. Prime -> P e. NN )
33		fzm1ndvds 13696	. . . . 5 |- ( ( P e. NN /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> -. P || N )
34	32, 33	sylan 471	. . . 4 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> -. P || N )
35		eqid 2451	. . . . 5 |- ( ( N ^ ( P - 2 ) ) mod P ) = ( ( N ^ ( P - 2 ) ) mod P )
36	35	prmdiveq 13972	. . . 4 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ZZ /\ -. P || N ) -> ( ( N e. ( 0 ... ( P - 1 ) ) /\ P || ( ( N x. N ) - 1 ) ) <-> N = ( ( N ^ ( P - 2 ) ) mod P ) ) )
37	29, 2, 34, 36	syl3anc 1219	. . 3 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( ( N e. ( 0 ... ( P - 1 ) ) /\ P || ( ( N x. N ) - 1 ) ) <-> N = ( ( N ^ ( P - 2 ) ) mod P ) ) )
38	28, 31, 37	3bitr3rd 284	. 2 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( N = ( ( N ^ ( P - 2 ) ) mod P ) <-> ( P || ( N - 1 ) \/ P || ( N + 1 ) ) ) )
39	29, 32	syl 16	. . . . 5 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> P e. NN )
40		1zzd 10781	. . . . 5 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> 1 e. ZZ )
41		moddvds 13653	. . . . 5 |- ( ( P e. NN /\ N e. ZZ /\ 1 e. ZZ ) -> ( ( N mod P ) = ( 1 mod P ) <-> P || ( N - 1 ) ) )
42	39, 2, 40, 41	syl3anc 1219	. . . 4 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( ( N mod P ) = ( 1 mod P ) <-> P || ( N - 1 ) ) )
43		elfznn 11588	. . . . . . . 8 |- ( N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) -> N e. NN )
44	43	adantl 466	. . . . . . 7 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> N e. NN )
45	44	nnred 10441	. . . . . 6 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> N e. RR )
46	39	nnrpd 11130	. . . . . 6 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> P e. RR+ )
47	44	nnnn0d 10740	. . . . . . 7 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> N e. NN0 )
48	47	nn0ge0d 10743	. . . . . 6 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> 0 <_ N )
49		elfzle2 11565	. . . . . . . 8 |- ( N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) -> N <_ ( P - 1 ) )
50	49	adantl 466	. . . . . . 7 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> N <_ ( P - 1 ) )
51		prmz 13878	. . . . . . . 8 |- ( P e. Prime -> P e. ZZ )
52		zltlem1 10801	. . . . . . . 8 |- ( ( N e. ZZ /\ P e. ZZ ) -> ( N < P <-> N <_ ( P - 1 ) ) )
53	1, 51, 52	syl2anr 478	. . . . . . 7 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( N < P <-> N <_ ( P - 1 ) ) )
54	50, 53	mpbird 232	. . . . . 6 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> N < P )
55		modid 11842	. . . . . 6 |- ( ( ( N e. RR /\ P e. RR+ ) /\ ( 0 <_ N /\ N < P ) ) -> ( N mod P ) = N )
56	45, 46, 48, 54, 55	syl22anc 1220	. . . . 5 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( N mod P ) = N )
57	39	nnred 10441	. . . . . 6 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> P e. RR )
58		prmuz2 13892	. . . . . . . 8 |- ( P e. Prime -> P e. ( ZZ>= ` 2 ) )
59	29, 58	syl 16	. . . . . . 7 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> P e. ( ZZ>= ` 2 ) )
60		eluz2b2 11031	. . . . . . . 8 |- ( P e. ( ZZ>= ` 2 ) <-> ( P e. NN /\ 1 < P ) )
61	60	simprbi 464	. . . . . . 7 |- ( P e. ( ZZ>= ` 2 ) -> 1 < P )
62	59, 61	syl 16	. . . . . 6 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> 1 < P )
63		1mod 11850	. . . . . 6 |- ( ( P e. RR /\ 1 < P ) -> ( 1 mod P ) = 1 )
64	57, 62, 63	syl2anc 661	. . . . 5 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( 1 mod P ) = 1 )
65	56, 64	eqeq12d 2473	. . . 4 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( ( N mod P ) = ( 1 mod P ) <-> N = 1 ) )
66	42, 65	bitr3d 255	. . 3 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( P || ( N - 1 ) <-> N = 1 ) )
67	40	znegcld 10853	. . . . 5 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> -u 1 e. ZZ )
68		moddvds 13653	. . . . 5 |- ( ( P e. NN /\ N e. ZZ /\ -u 1 e. ZZ ) -> ( ( N mod P ) = ( -u 1 mod P ) <-> P || ( N - -u 1 ) ) )
69	39, 2, 67, 68	syl3anc 1219	. . . 4 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( ( N mod P ) = ( -u 1 mod P ) <-> P || ( N - -u 1 ) ) )
70	39	nncnd 10442	. . . . . . . . . 10 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> P e. CC )
71	70	mulid2d 9508	. . . . . . . . 9 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( 1 x. P ) = P )
72	71	oveq2d 6209	. . . . . . . 8 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( -u 1 + ( 1 x. P ) ) = ( -u 1 + P ) )
73		neg1cn 10529	. . . . . . . . 9 |- -u 1 e. CC
74		addcom 9659	. . . . . . . . 9 |- ( ( -u 1 e. CC /\ P e. CC ) -> ( -u 1 + P ) = ( P + -u 1 ) )
75	73, 70, 74	sylancr 663	. . . . . . . 8 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( -u 1 + P ) = ( P + -u 1 ) )
76		negsub 9761	. . . . . . . . 9 |- ( ( P e. CC /\ 1 e. CC ) -> ( P + -u 1 ) = ( P - 1 ) )
77	70, 10, 76	sylancl 662	. . . . . . . 8 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( P + -u 1 ) = ( P - 1 ) )
78	72, 75, 77	3eqtrd 2496	. . . . . . 7 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( -u 1 + ( 1 x. P ) ) = ( P - 1 ) )
79	78	oveq1d 6208	. . . . . 6 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( ( -u 1 + ( 1 x. P ) ) mod P ) = ( ( P - 1 ) mod P ) )
80		neg1rr 10530	. . . . . . . 8 |- -u 1 e. RR
81	80	a1i 11	. . . . . . 7 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> -u 1 e. RR )
82		modcyc 11853	. . . . . . 7 |- ( ( -u 1 e. RR /\ P e. RR+ /\ 1 e. ZZ ) -> ( ( -u 1 + ( 1 x. P ) ) mod P ) = ( -u 1 mod P ) )
83	81, 46, 40, 82	syl3anc 1219	. . . . . 6 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( ( -u 1 + ( 1 x. P ) ) mod P ) = ( -u 1 mod P ) )
84		peano2rem 9779	. . . . . . . 8 |- ( P e. RR -> ( P - 1 ) e. RR )
85	57, 84	syl 16	. . . . . . 7 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( P - 1 ) e. RR )
86		nnm1nn0 10725	. . . . . . . . 9 |- ( P e. NN -> ( P - 1 ) e. NN0 )
87	39, 86	syl 16	. . . . . . . 8 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( P - 1 ) e. NN0 )
88	87	nn0ge0d 10743	. . . . . . 7 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> 0 <_ ( P - 1 ) )
89	57	ltm1d 10369	. . . . . . 7 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( P - 1 ) < P )
90		modid 11842	. . . . . . 7 |- ( ( ( ( P - 1 ) e. RR /\ P e. RR+ ) /\ ( 0 <_ ( P - 1 ) /\ ( P - 1 ) < P ) ) -> ( ( P - 1 ) mod P ) = ( P - 1 ) )
91	85, 46, 88, 89, 90	syl22anc 1220	. . . . . 6 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( ( P - 1 ) mod P ) = ( P - 1 ) )
92	79, 83, 91	3eqtr3d 2500	. . . . 5 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( -u 1 mod P ) = ( P - 1 ) )
93	56, 92	eqeq12d 2473	. . . 4 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( ( N mod P ) = ( -u 1 mod P ) <-> N = ( P - 1 ) ) )
94		subneg 9762	. . . . . 6 |- ( ( N e. CC /\ 1 e. CC ) -> ( N - -u 1 ) = ( N + 1 ) )
95	9, 10, 94	sylancl 662	. . . . 5 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( N - -u 1 ) = ( N + 1 ) )
96	95	breq2d 4405	. . . 4 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( P || ( N - -u 1 ) <-> P || ( N + 1 ) ) )
97	69, 93, 96	3bitr3rd 284	. . 3 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( P || ( N + 1 ) <-> N = ( P - 1 ) ) )
98	66, 97	orbi12d 709	. 2 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( ( P || ( N - 1 ) \/ P || ( N + 1 ) ) <-> ( N = 1 \/ N = ( P - 1 ) ) ) )
99	38, 98	bitrd 253	1 |- ( ( P e. Prime /\ N e. ( 1 ... ( P - 1 ) ) ) -> ( N = ( ( N ^ ( P - 2 ) ) mod P ) <-> ( N = 1 \/ N = ( P - 1 ) ) ) )

Syntax hints:   -. wn 3   -> wi 4   <-> wb 184   \/ wo 368   /\ wa 369   = wceq 1370   e. wcel 1758   C_ wss 3429   class class class wbr 4393   ` cfv 5519  (class class class)co 6193   CCcc 9384   RRcr 9385   0cc0 9386   1c1 9387   + caddc 9389   x. cmul 9391   < clt 9522   <_ cle 9523   - cmin 9699   -ucneg 9700   NNcn 10426   2c2 10475   NN0cn0 10683   ZZcz 10750   ZZ>=cuz 10965   RR+crp 11095   ...cfz 11547   mod cmo 11818   ^cexp 11975   || cdivides 13646   Primecprime 13874

This theorem was proved from axioms:  ax-mp 5  ax-1 6  ax-2 7  ax-3 8  ax-gen 1592  ax-4 1603  ax-5 1671  ax-6 1710  ax-7 1730  ax-8 1760  ax-9 1762  ax-10 1777  ax-11 1782  ax-12 1794  ax-13 1952  ax-ext 2430  ax-rep 4504  ax-sep 4514  ax-nul 4522  ax-pow 4571  ax-pr 4632  ax-un 6475  ax-cnex 9442  ax-resscn 9443  ax-1cn 9444  ax-icn 9445  ax-addcl 9446  ax-addrcl 9447  ax-mulcl 9448  ax-mulrcl 9449  ax-mulcom 9450  ax-addass 9451  ax-mulass 9452  ax-distr 9453  ax-i2m1 9454  ax-1ne0 9455  ax-1rid 9456  ax-rnegex 9457  ax-rrecex 9458  ax-cnre 9459  ax-pre-lttri 9460  ax-pre-lttrn 9461  ax-pre-ltadd 9462  ax-pre-mulgt0 9463  ax-pre-sup 9464

This theorem depends on definitions:  df-bi 185  df-or 370  df-an 371  df-3or 966  df-3an 967  df-tru 1373  df-ex 1588  df-nf 1591  df-sb 1703  df-eu 2264  df-mo 2265  df-clab 2437  df-cleq 2443  df-clel 2446  df-nfc 2601  df-ne 2646  df-nel 2647  df-ral 2800  df-rex 2801  df-reu 2802  df-rmo 2803  df-rab 2804  df-v 3073  df-sbc 3288  df-csb 3390  df-dif 3432  df-un 3434  df-in 3436  df-ss 3443  df-pss 3445  df-nul 3739  df-if 3893  df-pw 3963  df-sn 3979  df-pr 3981  df-tp 3983  df-op 3985  df-uni 4193  df-int 4230  df-iun 4274  df-br 4394  df-opab 4452  df-mpt 4453  df-tr 4487  df-eprel 4733  df-id 4737  df-po 4742  df-so 4743  df-fr 4780  df-we 4782  df-ord 4823  df-on 4824  df-lim 4825  df-suc 4826  df-xp 4947  df-rel 4948  df-cnv 4949  df-co 4950  df-dm 4951  df-rn 4952  df-res 4953  df-ima 4954  df-iota 5482  df-fun 5521  df-fn 5522  df-f 5523  df-f1 5524  df-fo 5525  df-f1o 5526  df-fv 5527  df-riota 6154  df-ov 6196  df-oprab 6197  df-mpt2 6198  df-om 6580  df-1st 6680  df-2nd 6681  df-recs 6935  df-rdg 6969  df-1o 7023  df-2o 7024  df-oadd 7027  df-er 7204  df-map 7319  df-en 7414  df-dom 7415  df-sdom 7416  df-fin 7417  df-sup 7795  df-card 8213  df-cda 8441  df-pnf 9524  df-mnf 9525  df-xr 9526  df-ltxr 9527  df-le 9528  df-sub 9701  df-neg 9702  df-div 10098  df-nn 10427  df-2 10484  df-3 10485  df-n0 10684  df-z 10751  df-uz 10966  df-rp 11096  df-fz 11548  df-fzo 11659  df-fl 11752  df-mod 11819  df-seq 11917  df-exp 11976  df-hash 12214  df-cj 12699  df-re 12700  df-im 12701  df-sqr 12835  df-abs 12836  df-dvds 13647  df-gcd 13802  df-prm 13875  df-phi 13952

This theorem is referenced by:  wilthlem2  22533